Thursday, January 21, 2010

Conservative Case for Gay Marriage

The recent challenge to California's Prop. 8 in federal court has an interesting plot twist: the attorneys representing George W. Bush and Al Gore in 2000 have joined forces to represent the plaintiff homosexual couples challenging the California law. Theodore Olson, counsel for Mr. Bush, makes his case in support of gay marriage from his conservative point of view in Newsweek here.

It's an interesting read. His viewpoint is not a particularly conservative one though he is a Republican and worked for the Reagan and the second Bush administrations. I find two major fault in his premises:

1) He gives far too much credence to the scientific evidence that homosexuality is an immutable trait. To my knowledge, the consensus on that issue within the scientific community is the same species of consensus that existed regarding global warming until 2009: one of questionable legitimacy, nowhere near understood with the degree of certainty with which it is advertised by its proponents.

2) He makes two assertions regarding the nature of marriage with which I continually take issue.

First, he says regarding marriage that, "At its best, it is a stable bond between two individuals who work to create a loving household and a social and economic partnership." While I agree that it is that, it is not uniquely that. Nor is the government's interest in providing a civil legitimacy to that relationship to promote such an arrangement between two consenting individuals just for the heck of it.

Second, he makes reference to the Supreme Court in striking down laws barring interracial marriage characterizing marriage as being "part of the Constitution's protections of liberty, privacy, freedom of association, and spiritual identification." While it is that, there is nothing to indicate that the Supreme Court in so defining marriage conceived of it in any terms other than marriage between a man and a woman.

I do encourage proponents of gay marriage to read the article and shout "Hear, hear!" and those who are against it to hiss and boo. But it is always worth analyzing our position to ensure that we're at least attempting to make logical sense.

In my view, the courts are at a legal impasse regarding how to handle gay marriage. Supreme Court rhetoric aside, there is not a strong legal basis for making marriage as Olson and others define it a fundamental right protected by the Constitution. Nor is there a strong reason for a government to so solemnify and add a particular government protection to a union as its described.

Most of the origins of family law are geared to two ends: 1) protecting divorced women from the limited means, self-determination, and protections that they were once left with after a divorce, and 2) protecting and ensuring the safety and security of children in a marriage or following its dissolution.

The courts are further at an impasse due to the scientific uncertainty regarding the nature of homosexuality. It's not unlike Roe v. Wade's controversial analysis of the nature of life and viability of a fetus. An honest reading of the opinion in Roe can be summarized thus:

"It's really not possible for this or any court to make the type of scientific and theological determination on the viability of a fetus, nor is it probably appropriate. But for the sake of argument, we'll make one anyway."

In my view, the reason Roe has yet to be overturned is because there is no good way to reconcile the paradox of the decision other than to come up with an opinion that basically says,

"It's really not possible for this or any court to make the type of scientific and theological determination on the viability of a fetus, nor is it probably appropriate. But for the sake of argument and because we didn't like what the court came up with in Roe, we'll make up another one."

There's more, but I'll leave the rest to your comments.

11 comments:

StupidBike January 21, 2010 2:41 PM  

I think the case could prove problematic, it will go to the Supreme Court eventually and then I hope they refuse to hear it, it should be up to the states.

That being said, How many Civil Cases have been brought against Churches in New Hampshire, Connecticut, Iowa, Massachusetts and Vermont??

Chris January 21, 2010 2:43 PM  

Not the issue, SB. I've long said that the churches' fear of being litigated against for discriminating against gays is a red herring.

I do think that the SC will continue to refuse to hear those cases until some of the issues I discussed can be reconciled to a more convincing degree.

Adam January 21, 2010 3:16 PM  

Good post Chris.

Here is my question:

Why allow Prop. 8 to go to ballot at all, if its implementation could prove unconstitutional?

StupidBike January 21, 2010 3:20 PM  

Chris, I agree about the Red Herring, but others hear have used that in their arguments.

Chris January 21, 2010 3:30 PM  

To SB: just clarifying my position. There's a reason why Olson didn't include it in his rebuttal of arguments against gay marriage and that I didn't address it.

To Adam: Good question. A couple of things come into play here. I think that bringing a law to a vote with knowledge that it goes contrary to constitutional principles is a waste and is unethical. Congressmen, the President, judges, all take a similar oath to uphold and defend the Constitution (or lower case c in the states).

But, institutionally, only the judiciary has a forum to "decide" the constitutionality of the law. The legislature and the executive certainly have a prerogative to weigh in and to debate, and certainly "no" votes or vetos probably can come into play based on constitutional concerns.

Now, even though the judiciary is the only forum where the constitutionality of a law can be determined definitively, in general it cannot offer advice just because it's asked. It can only tackle those questions in the face of an actual injury and an actual controversy. So, for better or for worse, the SC can't weigh in until a law is passed and someone sues the government agency (often under a similar oath) in charge of administering that law on the grounds that enforcing the law violates some constitutional right. If needed, it goes up to the SC.

It's a slow process and can be an ineffective one, but it's a tradeoff for our separation of powers.

Adam January 21, 2010 3:40 PM  

I wonder how many times voters in CA will have to express their opinion on this matter? If the court overturns the vote (again) will those in favor of Prop. 8 turn around and re-sue the government?

Chris January 21, 2010 3:50 PM  

If the law gets overturned, they'll have to express their opinion as many times as it takes to get it right.

On what grounds would they sue? You can't sue the judiciary.

Adam January 21, 2010 4:01 PM  

Who gets to decide when they have finally gotten it right? If its the judges, then, again, why bother going through all the trouble of democracy?

Chris January 21, 2010 4:17 PM  

Really? Why go through the trouble of democracy? Because 99.9% of the time it works just fine without having to go to the judiciary. Because it goes to the judiciary when/if the issue is complex and has ramifications that the legislative process can't cope with efficiently. Example: Prop. 8 is a citizen's initiative and a quirk of California. Do you really think all California voters are versed enough in the Constitution to fully understand the Constitutional ramifications of every proposition or initiative?

Further, because one of the tenets of our constitutional system is a fear of democracy. It's part of the notion of limited government that most of us hold up as a beacon that not only should democratic process rule the day, but that we're so scared of laws being messed up, unnecessary, and to some degree tyrannical and antithetical to our values that we even have a check on our democracy.

To me the most interesting argument against Prop. 8 and similar legislation across the country is a libertarian one. Why should the government have a say at all in marriage? Is it truly a police power? Is it truly so important to provide civil legitimacy to what is a traditional, social, and religious custom that long predates getting a marriage license from the county/state? Is giving a tax break to married couples and families with couples discriminating against single people regardless of sexuality?

But I'll humor you. You asked who gets to decide if they ultimately "get it right." The people ultimately have the final say. The U.S. Supreme Court will have the intermediate final say either by ruling on a case or choosing not to rule (tacitly endorsing a lower court decision). But, if push comes to shove, and if it's important enough to make a law, then there is a process to amend the U.S. Constitution.

This is a big deal, Adam, but it's a rare one. We're talking about a very unique legislative quirk that allows the people of California to propose amendments to its constitution independent of the legislature. And then we're dealing with a challenge to that amendment based on both procedural and substantive constitutionality. It'll affect the quagmire that is civil union/marriage law in California and will have ramifications for how the other 49 states can or can't interpret their own laws on the subject.

I have no problem with the federal judiciary handling this. It's what they were designed to do and it's been that way since Marbury v. Madison during the Jefferson administration.

I don't think the majority is getting it wrong in this instance and I think the right decision is to let the states figure it out on their own. If it takes a judicial ruling to legitimize the process, so much the better.

Adam January 21, 2010 4:25 PM  

Hey I'm just asking questions!

And I agree with your answer. And I also subscribe to the libertarian argument in this case. My personal and religious view is meaningless, at least in principle, although it can be hard to separate the two in this particular debate. I'd love to see the state divorce itself from marriage. (get it! hahaha)

But if the people have the final say, then haven't they had it in CA?

Or is this ultimately NOT about marriage, and more about state constitutional procedure?

And what about the other several states that have added such amendments to their constitutions? Will this case open all of those up to reinterpretation?

Chris January 21, 2010 7:33 PM  

I guess I always assume you're picking a fight, Adam. :)

Californians can only have the final say to the degree that their say doesn't violate the Constitution (capital C), and that's the issue before the court.

Now, if I understand the case right, this might be an instance where only California law will be affected. I think the crux of the challenge is that California's amendment process violates the Constitution from a procedural point of view and isn't really a question of whether limiting gays' rights to marry is Constitutional at all. If that's the case, the other states who have amended their constitutions are safe.

If that's not the case, then you're right. This case can and will have effect on other states' law.

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